Vol. 1 No. 3 (2023): November

The complex compound tetrakis(N,N’-diethylthiourea)bis(isothiocyanato)nickel or [Ni(detu)₄(NCS)₂] (denoted as UMCC-1) has been synthesized by reflux method in two different solvents namely acetone and methanol. This study aims to synthesize, characterize, and analyze the Hirshfeld Surface complex UMCC-1, which was obtained using the reflux method with the mole ratio of NiCl₂: detu: KSCN is 1:2:4. Single crystals UMCC-1 in acetone and methanol are dark green in color with melting points of 135-137°C and conductivity of 66.4-84.4 µS. The FTIR absorption band analysis of the two crystals is very similar, ν(C S) detu 590 cm⁻¹ and ν(C≡N) isothiocyanate 2119 cm⁻¹. The refinement of the crystal structure from the single crystal XRD data shows that the two dark green crystals are a molecular type that has a distorted octahedral geometry with the same crystal lattice, monoclinic crystal lattice, P21/c1 space group (no.14), crystal lattice parameter a= 11.112(3) Å, b= 17.249(5) Å, c= 9.647(3) Å, and β= 100.785(10). However, the complex produced in acetone solvent has better refinement quality than methanol concerning %R= 3.27 and %R = 4.55, respectively. The UMCC-1 crystal shows intermolecular hydrogen bonds N-H---S(isothiocyanato) and intramolecular hydrogen bonds N-H---S(detu) with Hirshfeld Surface analysis showing a significant contribution of H---H (69.5%) on crystal packing.

We conducted this research to modify NiAl layered double hydroxide with several carbon-based materials, including cellulose, biochar and graphite. This material was successfully prepared by coprecipitation methods and was proven by XRD, SEM and FTIR characterization. Furthermore, we conducted the adsorption process and reusability to investigate their ability as water treatments. The dose effect on M.G. removal was investigated by the highest M.G. removal capacity using the CBC-NiAl LDHs composite, which was 100 mg. M.G. removal capacity was increased with an increase in contact time, and the saturation point was reached after 60 min for CC-NiAl and CGF-NiAl LDHs, which CBC-NiAl LDH increased and saturated after 100 min with high adsorption capacity. CC-NiAl, CBC-NiAl and CGF-NiAl LDHs composite have proved efficient, sustainable materials that maintain adsorption capability in each reusable cycle.

    This study employed two alloys of AISI (316,304) Stainless steel to improve the mechanical characteristics.   In addition, the corrosion rate achieved by pulse laser deposition (PLD) can be reduced by applying a ZnO coating. Zinc oxide has garnered significant interest.   Biomaterials have long been well-acknowledged for their use in dentistry and medical applications.   Using an optical microscope examined the coating morphology, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS).   The corrosion protection has been examined by assessing the mechanical characteristics when submerged in saliva with a pH of 5.6.   The surface alteration is assessed using roughness and microhardness measurements.   The corrosion resistance of all samples is superior to that of bare AISI (316,304) stainless steel.

Catalyst material (M2+)Al-LDH was successfully prepared in this study. Characterisation analysis by XRD and FTIR.  XRD analysis of Zn/Al-LDH, Mg/Al-LDH and Ni/Al-LDH showed agreement with pure LDH as seen from the JCPDS data and showed crystal forms similar to hydrotalcite, brucite and hydrotalcite respectively. FTIR analysis of the (M2+)Al-LDH material showed the presence of functional groups which explain the presence of O-H stretching, O-H bending, CO32- bonds and identified metal oxide (MO) groups from the synthesised LDH. (M2+)Al-LDH has the ability to act as a catalyst for excellent desulphurisation of 4,6-dimethyldibencothiophene with % conversion value above 90%. In addition, (M2+)Al-LDH is a heterogeneous and reusable catalyst.

This research conducted a composite of Ca/Al and Mg/Al Layered double hydroxide with Biochar material using co-precipitation method. Characterization results were carried out with various analyses including XRD, FT-IR, and BET. The results of XRD analysis on Ca/Al-BC showed peaks at 10-11° and 22°, while the Mg/Al-BC material showed peaks at 11. 41° (003), 22. 95° (002), 34. 05° (012) and 60.2° (116). The FT-IR analysis showed that Ca/Al and Mg/Al LDH materials composited with Biochar have functional groups of -OH, nitrate ions, C=O, C-H, C-O, and M-O. BET analysis results show an increase in surface area in Ca/Al and Mg/Al LDH materials after composite with biochar from 29.333 m²/g to 158.291 m²/g in Mg/Al-BC, while in Mg/Al-BC there is an increase from 23.150 m²/g to 111.404 m²/g.  The Ca/Al-BC and Mg/Al-BC composite materials have better stability than Ca/Al and Mg/Al LDH materials that can be used up to the fifth cycle. Hydrogen bonding and π-π interaction between the adsorbent and the aromatic ring on phenol can affect the adsorption process.